HOWTO Secure iSCSI Luns Between Debian Linux 7.1 and NetApp Storage with Mutual CHAP

28 Saturday Sep 2013

Posted by Slice2 in iSCSI, Linux, NetApp, Security

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This post demonstrates how to enable two-way or mutual CHAP on iSCSI luns between Debian Linux 7.1 and NetApp storage. The aggregate, lun and disk sizes are small in this HOWTO to keep it simple.

1) Install open-iscsi on your server.
> apt-get install open-iscsi
> reboot (don’t argue with me, just do it!)

2) Display your server’s new iscsi initiator or iqn nodename.
> cat /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi
InitiatorName=iqn.1993-08.org.debian:01:e6d4ee61d916

3) On the NetApp filer, create the volume that will hold the iscsi luns. This command assumes you have aggregrate aggr1 already created. If not use an aggregate that has enough room for your volume.
netapp> vol create MCHAPVOL aggr1 10g

4) Create the lun in the volume.
netapp> lun create -s 5g -t linux /vol/MCHAPVOL/DEB71_iSCSI_MCHAP_01

5) Create an igroup and add the Linux iscsi nodename or iqn from step 2 above to it.
netapp> igroup create -i -t linux ISCSI_MCHAP_DEB71
netapp> igroup add ISCSI_MCHAP_DEB71 iqn.1993-08.org.debian:01:e6d4ee61d916
netapp> igroup show

ISCSI_MCHAP_DEB71 (iSCSI) (ostype: linux):
iqn.1993-08.org.debian:01:e6d4ee61d916 (not logged in)

6) Map the lun to the iscsi-group and give it lun ID 01.
netapp> lun map /vol/MCHAPVOL/DEB71_iSCSI_MCHAP_01 ISCSI_MCHAP_DEB71 01

7) Obtain the NetApp target nodename.
netapp> iscsi nodename
iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939

8) Set the CHAP secret on the NetApp controller.
netapp> iscsi security add -i iqn.1993-08.org.debian:01:e6d4ee61d916 -s chap -p MCHAPDEB71 -n iqn.1993-08.org.debian:01:e6d4ee61d916 -o NETAPPMCHAP -m iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939

netapp> iscsi security show

init: iqn.1993-08.org.debian:01:e6d4ee61d916 auth: CHAP Inbound password: **** Inbound username: iqn.1993-08.org.debian:01:e6d4ee61d916 Outbound password: **** Outbound username: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939

9) On the server, edit your /etc/iscsi/iscsi.conf file and set the parameters below.
> vi /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf:
node.startup = automatic
node.session.auth.authmethod = CHAP
node.session.auth.username = iqn.1993-08.org.debian:01:e6d4ee61d916
node.session.auth.password = MCHAPDEB71
node.session.auth.username_in = iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
node.session.auth.password_in = NETAPPMCHAP
discovery.sendtargets.auth.authmethod = CHAP
discovery.sendtargets.auth.username = iqn.1993-08.org.debian:01:e6d4ee61d916
discovery.sendtargets.auth.password = MCHAPDEB71
discovery.sendtargets.auth.username_in = iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
discovery.sendtargets.auth.password_in = NETAPPMCHAP
> wq!

10) On the server, discover your iSCSI target (your storage system).
> iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 10.10.10.11
10.10.10.11:3260,1000 iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939

> iscsiadm -m node (this should display the same as above)
10.10.10.11:3260,1000 iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939

11) On the server, manually login to the iSCSI target (your storage array).
> iscsiadm -m node –targetname “iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939” –login

Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939, portal: 10.10.10.11,3260] (multiple)
Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939, portal: 10.10.10.11,3260] successful.

On the NetApp storage console you should see the iSCSI sessions:
[iscsi.notice:notice]: ISCSI: New session from initiator iqn.1993-08.org.debian:01:e6d4ee61d916 at IP addr 10.10.10.203
[iscsi.notice:notice]: ISCSI: New session from initiator iqn.1993-08.org.debian:01:e6d4ee61d916 at IP addr 10.10.10.203

Verify the iSCSI session on the filer:
netapp> iscsi session show
Session 49
Initiator Information
Initiator Name: iqn.1993-08.org.debian:01:e6d4ee61d916
ISID: 00:02:3d:01:00:00
Initiator Alias: deb71

12) Stop and start the iscsi service on the server.
> service open-iscsi stop
Pause for 10 seconds and then run the next command.
> service open-iscsi start

[ ok ] Starting iSCSI initiator service: iscsid.
[….] Setting up iSCSI targets:
Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939, portal: 10.10.10.11,3260] (multiple)
Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939, portal: 10.10.10.11,3260] successful.
. ok
[ ok ] Mounting network filesystems:.

13) From the server , check your session.
> iscsiadm -m session -P 1

14) From the server, check the NetApp iSCSI details.
> iscsiadm –mode node –targetname “iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939” –portal 10.10.10.11:3260

15) From the server, find and format the new lun (new disk).
> cat /var/log/messages | grep “unknown partition table”
deb71 kernel: [ 1856.751777] sdb: unknown partition table

> fdisk /dev/sdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x07f6c360.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won’t be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-10485759, default 2048): press enter
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-10485759, default 10485759): press enter
Using default value 10485759

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
166 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1018 cylinders, total 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x07f6c360

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 10485759 5241856 83 Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

Command (m for help): q

16) On the server, create the Linux file system on the new partition.
> mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310464 blocks
65523 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

17) Verify the partition.
> blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID=”afba2daf-1de8-4ab1-b93e-e7c99c82c054″ TYPE=”ext4″

18) Create the mount point and manually mount the directory.
> mkdir /newiscsilun
> mount /dev/sdb1 /newiscsilun
> df -h | grep newiscsilun
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1 5.0G 10M 4.7G 1% /newiscsilun

19) Add the new mount point to /etc/fstab.
> vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1 /newiscsilun ext4 _netdev 0 0
> wq!

Note: the _netdev option is important so that it doesn’t try mounting the target before the network is available.

20) Test that it survives a reboot by rebooting the server. With the _netdev set, iscsi starts and your CHAP logins should take place before it attempts to mount. After the reboot, login and verify its mounted.

> df -h | grep newiscsilun
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1 5.0G 10M 4.7G 1% /newiscsilun

21) On the server you can check session stats.
> iscsiadm -m session -s
Stats for session [sid: 1, target: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939, portal: 10.10.10.11,3260]
iSCSI SNMP:
txdata_octets: 69421020
rxdata_octets: 765756
noptx_pdus: 0
scsicmd_pdus: 365
tmfcmd_pdus: 0
login_pdus: 0
text_pdus: 0
dataout_pdus: 924
logout_pdus: 0
snack_pdus: 0
noprx_pdus: 0
scsirsp_pdus: 365
tmfrsp_pdus: 0
textrsp_pdus: 0
datain_pdus: 193
logoutrsp_pdus: 0
r2t_pdus: 924
async_pdus: 0
rjt_pdus: 0
digest_err: 0
timeout_err: 0
iSCSI Extended:
tx_sendpage_failures: 0
rx_discontiguous_hdr: 0
eh_abort_cnt: 0

22) As root, change permissions on /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf. I’m not sure why they haven’t fixed this clear text CHAP password in a file issue so just make sure only root can read/write the file.
> chmod 600 /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf

23) On the NetApp storage you can verify the Lun and the server’s session.
> lun show -v /vol/MCHAPVOL/DEB71_iSCSI_MCHAP_01
/vol/MCHAPVOL/DEB71_iSCSI_MCHAP_01 5g (5368709120) (r/w, online, mapped)
Serial#: hoagPJtrPZCi
Share: none
Space Reservation: enabled
Multiprotocol Type: linux
Maps: ISCSI_MCHAP_DEB71=1

> iscsi session show -v
Session 55
Initiator Information
Initiator Name: iqn.1993-08.org.debian:01:e6d4ee61d916
ISID: 00:02:3d:01:00:00
Initiator Alias: deb71

Session Parameters
SessionType=Normal
TargetPortalGroupTag=1000
MaxConnections=1
ErrorRecoveryLevel=0
AuthMethod=CHAP
HeaderDigest=None
DataDigest=None
ImmediateData=Yes
InitialR2T=No
FirstBurstLength=65536
MaxBurstLength=65536
Initiator MaxRecvDataSegmentLength=65536
Target MaxRecvDataSegmentLength=65536
DefaultTime2Wait=2
DefaultTime2Retain=0
MaxOutstandingR2T=1
DataPDUInOrder=Yes
DataSequenceInOrder=Yes
Command Window Size: 32

Connection Information
Connection 0
Remote Endpoint: 10.10.10.203:57127
Local Endpoint: 10.10.10.11:3260
Local Interface: e0a
TCP recv window size: 131400

HOWTO find a NetBSD iSCSI Initiator Name (iqn) with Wireshark

19 Thursday Sep 2013

Posted by Slice2 in NetBSD, Wireshark

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NetBSD, Wireshark

The BSD variants make it difficult to quickly determine your iSCSI initiator name or iqn but I’m told they are working on a solution. While sniffing packets is an effective method of discovery, it’s simply far to cumbersome in a busy IT shop. If you know of an easier way to display the initiator please add a comment below and I’ll post it. This post is a followup to my previous list of ways to display initiators on various platforms. I have not tested this with the other BSD variants but assume the packets would be the same.

1) Install Wireshark on the NetBSD server.

> pkg_add wireshark

2) Make sure iscsi is started on the NetBSD server.

> iscsid

3) Add your storage array (your target that will present the lun)

> iscsictl add_send_target -a 10.10.10.11

Added Send Target 1

4) Refresh your target list.

> iscsictl refresh_targets

5) List your targets.

> iscsictl list_targets

1: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939

2: 10.10.10.11:3260,1000

6) Launch Wireshark.

> wireshark

6a) In the Wireshark GUI, click Capture > Start to initiate packet sniffing.

8) Login to the target. In this case we’ll use target 2.

> iscsictl login -P 2

Created Session 2, Connection 1

9) List your iscsi session with your target (storage array).

> iscsictl list_sessions

Session 2: Target iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939

10) Stop the packet sniffing.

a) Click on Capture > Stop.

Note: click image to enlarge. The next two steps are depicted in this image.

b) In the upper left, in the Filter: field enter “iscsi.isid” without the quotes and on the right click Apply.

11) Select the first packet from your server. In the middle expand iSCSI (Login Command), and then expand Key/Value Pairs. The first entry should list the InitiatorName= value. That is your iSCSI initiator or host iqn. In this case it’s iqn.1994-04.org.netbsd:iscsi.nbsd611.lab.slice2.com.

Display the iSCSI Initiator Node Name or IQN from the command line.

01 Sunday Sep 2013

Posted by Slice2 in HP, iSCSI, Linux, NetApp, NetBSD, Solaris, VMware, Windows

≈ 2 Comments

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iSCSI

At some point you will be asked by a Storage Engineer for your system’s iSCSI Initiator Node Name or your iqn. This list shows you how to get your local iSCSI initiator name or iqn from the command line. This assumes the iSCSI service is installed, enabled and running. If you have a different way or want to add an OS or platform to this list simply leave a comment and I’ll add it.

AIX:
> smitty iscsi
select > iSCSI Protocol Device
select > Change / Show Characteristics of an iSCSI Protocol Device

FreeBSD (v10 and newer. Thanks to Edward Tomasz Napierala for this update):
> iscsictl -v (only after you have established a session with your array)

HP-UX:
> iscsiutil -l

Linux:
> cat /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi

NetApp Data ONTAP: (this is a target iqn not a host iqn)
7-Mode:
> iscsi nodename

Cluster Mode from the clustershell:
> vserver iscsi show

NetBSD: (please make this easier NetBSD developers! How about an iscsictl list_initiators command?)
> iscsictl add_send_target -a <hostname or IP of your target/storage)
Added Send Target 1
> iscsictl refresh_targets
OK
> iscsictl list_targets
1: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
2: 10.1.0.25:3260,1000
> iscsictl login -P 2
Created Session 2, Connection 1
> iscsictl list_sessions
Session 2: Target iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939

On the NetApp filer find the initiator:
netapp01> iscsi initiator show
Initiators connected:
TSIH TPGroup Initiator/ISID/IGroup
4 1000 nbsd611.lab.slice2.com (iqn.1994-04.org.netbsd:iscsi.nbsd611.lab.slice2.com:0 / 40:00:01:37:00:00 / )

Solaris 11:
> iscsiadm list initiator-node

VMware ESXi 5.1:
ESXi console:
Get the devices first:
> esxcfg-scsidevs -a | grep iSCSI
Then get the iqn (in this case vmhba33 is the iSCSI device)
> vmkiscsi-tool -I -l vmhba33

esxcli:
> esxcli -s <esxihostname or ip> -u root iscsi adapter get -A vmhba33

Windows:
c:\iscsicli.exe