This post demonstrates how to enable two-way or mutual CHAP on iSCSI luns between CentOS Linux 5.10 and NetApp storage. The aggregate, lun and disk sizes are small in this HOWTO to keep it simple.
1) Install open-iscsi on your server.
> yum install iscsi-initiator*
> reboot (don’t argue with me, just do it!)
2) Display your server’s new iscsi initiator or iqn nodename.
> cat /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi
InitiatorName=iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:01241a79a24
3) On the NetApp filer, create the volume that will hold the iscsi luns. This command assumes you have aggregate aggr1 already created. If not use an aggregate that has enough room for your volume.
netapp> vol create MCHAPVOL aggr1 10g
4) Create the lun in the volume.
netapp> lun create -s 5g -t linux /vol/MCHAPVOL/CENTSOS510_iSCSI_MCHAP_01
5) Create an igroup and add the Linux iscsi nodename or iqn from step 2 above to it.
netapp> igroup create -i -t linux ISCSI_MCHAP_CENTOS510
netapp> igroup add ISCSI_MCHAP_CENTOS510 iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:01241a79a24
netapp> igroup show ISCSI_MCHAP_CENTOS510
ISCSI_MCHAP_CENTOS510 (iSCSI) (ostype: linux):
iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:01241a79a24 (not logged in)
6) Map the lun to the igroup and give it lun ID 01.
netapp> lun map /vol/MCHAPVOL/CENTSOS510_iSCSI_MCHAP_01 ISCSI_MCHAP_CENTOS510 01
7) Obtain the NetApp target nodename.
netapp> iscsi nodename
iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
8) Set the CHAP secret on the NetApp controller.
netapp> iscsi security add -i iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:01241a79a24 -s chap -p MCHAPCENT510 -n iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:01241a79a24 -o NETAPPMCHAP -m iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
netapp> iscsi security show
init: iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:01241a79a24 auth: CHAP Inbound password: **** Inbound username: iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:01241a79a24 Outbound password: **** Outbound username: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
9) On the server, edit your /etc/iscsi/iscsi.conf file and set the parameters below.
> vi /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf:
node.startup = automatic
node.session.auth.authmethod = CHAP
node.session.auth.username = iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:01241a79a24
node.session.auth.password = MCHAPCENT510
node.session.auth.username_in = iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
node.session.auth.password_in = NETAPPMCHAP
discovery.sendtargets.auth.authmethod = CHAP
discovery.sendtargets.auth.username = iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:01241a79a24
discovery.sendtargets.auth.password = MCHAPCENT510
discovery.sendtargets.auth.username_in = iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
discovery.sendtargets.auth.password_in = NETAPPMCHAP
> wq!
10) On the server, restart the service and discover your iSCSI target (your storage system).
> service iscsi restart
> iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 10.10.10.11
10.10.10.11:3260,1000 iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
> iscsiadm -m node (this should display the same as above)
10.10.10.11:3260,1000 iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
11) On the server, manually login to the iSCSI target (your storage array). Note there are two dashes “- -” in front of targetname and login.
> iscsiadm -m node –targetname “iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939” –login
Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939, portal: 10.10.10.11,3260] (multiple)
Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939, portal: 10.10.10.11,3260] successful.
On the NetApp storage console you should see the iSCSI sessions:
Sun Nov 17 07:51:00 EST [iscsi.notice:notice]: ISCSI: New session from initiator iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:01241a79a24 at IP addr 10.10.10.37
Sun Nov 17 07:56:38 EST [iscsi.notice:notice]: ISCSI: New session from initiator iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:01241a79a24 at IP addr 10.10.10.37
Verify the iSCSI session on the filer:
netapp> iscsi session show
Session 5
Initiator Information
Initiator Name: iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:01241a79a24
ISID: 00:02:3d:01:00:00
Initiator Alias: cent510
12) Stop and start the iscsi service on the server.
> service iscsi stop
Pause for 10 seconds and then run the next command.
> service iscsi start
13) From the server , check your session.
> iscsiadm -m session -P 1
Target: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
Current Portal: 10.10.10.11:3260,1000
Persistent Portal: 10.10.10.11:3260,1000
**********
Interface:
**********
Iface Name: default
Iface Transport: tcp
Iface Initiatorname: iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:01241a79a24
Iface IPaddress: 10.10.10.37
Iface HWaddress: <empty>
Iface Netdev: <empty>
SID: 2
iSCSI Connection State: LOGGED IN
iSCSI Session State: LOGGED_IN
Internal iscsid Session State: NO CHANGE
14) From the server, check the NetApp iSCSI details. Note there are two dashes “- -” in front of mode, targetname and portal.
> iscsiadm -–mode node –-targetname “iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939” –-portal 10.10.10.11:3260
15) From the server, find and format the new lun (new disk).
> cat /var/log/messages | grep “unknown partition table”
Nov 17 04:56:52 cent510 kernel: sdb: unknown partition table
> fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won’t be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
> fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1018, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1018, default 1018):
Using default value 1018
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
166 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1018 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 10292 * 512 = 5269504 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1018 5238597 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
16) On the server, create the Linux file system on the new partition.
> mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
655360 inodes, 1309649 blocks
65482 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
17) Verify the partition.
> blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID=”90e6dc7f-13ac-42bd-b471-b6f8e6863414″ SEC_TYPE=”ext2″ TYPE=”ext3″
18) Create the mount point and manually mount the directory.
> mkdir /newiscsilun
> mount /dev/sdb1 /newiscsilun
> df -h | grep newiscsilun
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1 5.0G 139M 4.6G 3% /newiscsilun
19) Add the new mount point to /etc/fstab.
> vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1 /newiscsilun ext4 _netdev 0 0
> wq!
Note: the _netdev option is important so that it doesn’t try mounting the target before the network is available.
20) Test that it survives a reboot by rebooting the server. With the _netdev set, iscsi starts and your CHAP logins should take place before it attempts to mount. After the reboot, login and verify its mounted.
> df -h | grep newiscsilun
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1 5.0G 139M 4.6G 3% /newiscsilun
21) On the server you can check session stats.
> iscsiadm -m session -s
Stats for session [sid: 1, target: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939, portal: 10.10.10.11,3260]
iSCSI SNMP:
txdata_octets: 22136
rxdata_octets: 377532
noptx_pdus: 0
scsicmd_pdus: 60
tmfcmd_pdus: 0
login_pdus: 0
text_pdus: 0
dataout_pdus: 0
logout_pdus: 0
snack_pdus: 0
noprx_pdus: 0
scsirsp_pdus: 60
tmfrsp_pdus: 0
textrsp_pdus: 0
datain_pdus: 56
logoutrsp_pdus: 0
r2t_pdus: 0
async_pdus: 0
rjt_pdus: 0
digest_err: 0
timeout_err: 0
iSCSI Extended:
tx_sendpage_failures: 0
rx_discontiguous_hdr: 0
eh_abort_cnt: 0
22) As root, change permissions on /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf. I’m not sure why they haven’t fixed this clear text CHAP password in a file issue so just make sure only root can read/write the file.
> chmod 600 /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf
23) On the NetApp storage you can verify the Lun and the server’s session.
> lun show -v /vol/MCHAPVOL/CENTSOS510_iSCSI_MCHAP_01
/vol/MCHAPVOL/CENTSOS510_iSCSI_MCHAP_01 5g (5368709120) (r/w, online, mapped)
Serial#: hoagPJupukXK
Share: none
Space Reservation: enabled
Multiprotocol Type: linux
Maps: ISCSI_MCHAP_CENTOS510=1
> iscsi session show -v
Session 7
Initiator Information
Initiator Name: iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:01241a79a24
ISID: 00:02:3d:01:00:00
Initiator Alias: cent510
Session Parameters
SessionType=Normal
TargetPortalGroupTag=1000
MaxConnections=1
ErrorRecoveryLevel=0
AuthMethod=CHAP
HeaderDigest=None
DataDigest=None
ImmediateData=Yes
InitialR2T=No
FirstBurstLength=65536
MaxBurstLength=65536
Initiator MaxRecvDataSegmentLength=65536
Target MaxRecvDataSegmentLength=65536
DefaultTime2Wait=2
DefaultTime2Retain=0
MaxOutstandingR2T=1
DataPDUInOrder=Yes
DataSequenceInOrder=Yes
Command Window Size: 32
Connection Information
Connection 0
Remote Endpoint: 10.10.10.37:44786
Local Endpoint: 10.10.10.11:3260
Local Interface: e0a
TCP recv window size: 131400
Command Information
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