This post demonstrates how to enable Bidirectional or mutual CHAP on iSCSI luns between Fedora 20 and NetApp storage. The aggregate, lun and disk sizes are small in this HOWTO to keep it simple.
1) If not already installed, install the iSCSI initiator on your system.
> yum install iscsi-initiator*
> reboot (don’t argue with me, just do it!)
2) Display your server’s new iscsi initiator or iqn nodename.
> cat /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi
InitiatorName=iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:4622a8d25677
3) On the NetApp filer, create the volume that will hold the iscsi luns. This command assumes you have aggregate aggr1 already created. If not use an aggregate that has enough room for your volume.
netapp> vol create MCHAPVOL aggr1 10g
4) Create the lun in the volume.
netapp> lun create -s 5g -t linux /vol/MCHAPVOL/FED20_iSCSI_MCHAP_01
5) Create an igroup and add the Linux iscsi nodename or iqn from step 2 above to it.
netapp> igroup create -i -t linux ISCSI_MCHAP_FED20
netapp> igroup add ISCSI_MCHAP_FED20 iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:4622a8d25677
netapp> igroup show ISCSI_MCHAP_FED20
ISCSI_MCHAP_FED20 (iSCSI) (ostype: linux):
InitiatorName=iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:4622a8d25677 (not logged in)
6) Map the lun to the igroup and give it lun ID 01.
netapp> lun map /vol/MCHAPVOL/FED20_iSCSI_MCHAP_01 ISCSI_MCHAP_FED20 01
7) Obtain the NetApp target nodename.
netapp> iscsi nodename
iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
8) Set the CHAP secret on the NetApp controller.
netapp> iscsi security add -i iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:4622a8d25677 -s chap -p FED20 -n iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:4622a8d25677 -o NETAPPMCHAP -m iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
netapp> iscsi security show
init: iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:4622a8d25677 auth: CHAP Inbound password: **** Inbound username: iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:4622a8d25677 Outbound password: ****Outbound username: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
9) On the server, edit your /etc/iscsi/iscsi.conf file and set the parameters below.
> vi /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf
node.startup = automatic
node.session.auth.authmethod = CHAP
node.session.auth.username = iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:4622a8d25677
node.session.auth.password = FED20
node.session.auth.username_in = iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
node.session.auth.password_in = NETAPPMCHAP
discovery.sendtargets.auth.authmethod = CHAP
discovery.sendtargets.auth.username = iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:4622a8d25677
discovery.sendtargets.auth.password = FED20
discovery.sendtargets.auth.username_in = iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
discovery.sendtargets.auth.password_in = NETAPPMCHAP
> wq!
10) On the server, restart the service and discover your iSCSI target (your storage system).
> service iscsi restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart iscsi.service
a) You should see an entry on the NetApp console:
[iscsi.notice:notice]: ISCSI: New session from initiator iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:8ef4c68cfb5 at IP addr 10.10.10.195
b) Verify the target.
> iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 10.10.10.11
10.10.10.11:3260,1000 iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
> iscsiadm -m node (this should display the same as above)
10.10.10.11:3260,1000 iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939
11) On the server, manually login to the iSCSI target (your storage array). Note there are two dashes “- -” in front of targetname and login.
> iscsiadm -m node –targetname “iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939” –login
Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939, portal: 10.10.10.11,3260] (multiple)
Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939, portal: 10.10.10.11,3260] successful.
On the NetApp storage console you should see the iSCSI sessions:
[iscsi.notice:notice]: ISCSI: New session from initiator iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:4622a8d25677 at IP addr 10.10.10.184
a) Verify the iSCSI session on the filer:
netapp> iscsi session show
Session 25
Initiator Information
Initiator Name: iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:4622a8d25677
ISID: 00:02:3d:01:00:00
Initiator Alias: fed20
12) Stop and start the iscsi service on the server.
> service iscsi stop
Pause for 10 seconds and then run the next command.
> service iscsi start
13) From the server , check your session.
> iscsiadm -m session -P 1
Current Portal: 10.10.10.11:3260,1000
Persistent Portal: 10.10.10.11:3260,1000
**********
Interface:
**********
Iface Name: default
Iface Transport: tcp
Iface Initiatorname: iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:4622a8d25677
Iface IPaddress: 10.10.10.184
Iface HWaddress: <empty>
Iface Netdev: <empty>
iSCSI Connection State: LOGGED IN
iSCSI Session State: LOGGED_IN
Internal iscsid Session State: NO CHANGE
14) From the server, check the NetApp iSCSI details. Note there are two dashes “- -” in front of mode, targetname and portal.
> iscsiadm –mode node –targetname “iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939” –portal 10.10.10.11:3260
15) From the server, find and format the new lun (new disk).
> cat /var/log/messages | grep “unknown partition table”
fed20 kernel: [ 2769.356768] sdb: unknown partition table
> fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.24).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xc6cb1cf2.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
> fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-10485759, default 2048): <press enter>
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-10485759, default 10485759): <press enter>
Created a new partition 1 of type ‘Linux’ and of size 5 GiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5 GiB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x702e7603
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 10485759 5241856 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
16) On the server, create the Linux file system on the new partition.
> mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.8 (20-Jun-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310464 blocks
65523 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
17) Verify the partition.
> blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID=”c1466d95-2551-4e0a-9dcb-fd430be03fe7″ TYPE=”ext4″ PARTUUID=”702e7603-01″
18) Create the mount point and manually mount the directory.
> mkdir /newiscsilun
> mount /dev/sdb1 /newiscsilun
> df -h | grep newiscsilun
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1 4.8G 10M 4.6G 1% /newiscsilun
19) Add the new mount point to /etc/fstab.
> vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1 /newiscsilun ext4 _netdev 0 0
> wq!
Note: the _netdev option is important so that it doesn’t try mounting the target before the network is available.
20) Test that it survives a reboot by rebooting the server. With the _netdev set, iscsi starts and your CHAP logins should take place before it attempts to mount. After the reboot, login and verify its mounted.
> df -h | grep newiscsilun
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1 5.0G 139M 4.6G 3% /newiscsilun
21) On the server you can check session stats.
> iscsiadm -m session -s
Stats for session [sid: 1, target: iqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.84167939, portal: 10.10.10.11,3260]
iSCSI SNMP:
txdata_octets: 22136
rxdata_octets: 377532
noptx_pdus: 0
scsicmd_pdus: 60
tmfcmd_pdus: 0
login_pdus: 0
text_pdus: 0
dataout_pdus: 0
logout_pdus: 0
snack_pdus: 0
noprx_pdus: 0
scsirsp_pdus: 60
tmfrsp_pdus: 0
textrsp_pdus: 0
datain_pdus: 56
logoutrsp_pdus: 0
r2t_pdus: 0
async_pdus: 0
rjt_pdus: 0
digest_err: 0
timeout_err: 0
iSCSI Extended:
tx_sendpage_failures: 0
rx_discontiguous_hdr: 0
eh_abort_cnt: 0
22) As root, change permissions on /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf. I’m not sure why they haven’t fixed this clear text CHAP password in a file issue so just make sure only root can read/write the file.
> chmod 600 /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf
23) On the NetApp storage you can verify the Lun and the server’s session.
> lun show -v /vol/MCHAPVOL/FED20_iSCSI_MCHAP_01
/vol/MCHAPVOL/FED20_iSCSI_MCHAP_01 5g (5368709120) (r/w, online, mapped)
Serial#: hoagPJvUgR5s
Share: none
Space Reservation: enabled (not honored by containing Aggregate)
Multiprotocol Type: linux
Maps: ISCSI_MCHAP_FED20=1
> iscsi session show -v
Session 28
Initiator Information
Initiator Name: iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:4622a8d25677
ISID: 00:02:3d:01:00:00
Initiator Alias: fed20
Session Parameters
SessionType=Normal
TargetPortalGroupTag=1000
MaxConnections=1
ErrorRecoveryLevel=0
AuthMethod=CHAP
HeaderDigest=None
DataDigest=None
ImmediateData=Yes
InitialR2T=No
FirstBurstLength=65536
MaxBurstLength=65536
Initiator MaxRecvDataSegmentLength=65536
Target MaxRecvDataSegmentLength=65536
DefaultTime2Wait=2
DefaultTime2Retain=0
MaxOutstandingR2T=1
DataPDUInOrder=Yes
DataSequenceInOrder=Yes
Command Window Size: 32
Connection Information
Connection 0
Remote Endpoint: 10.10.10.184:50977
Local Endpoint: 10.10.10.11:3260
Local Interface: e0a
TCP recv window size: 131400
Command Information
No commands active